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Sitges M, Jones M, Shiota T, Qin JX, Tsujino H, Bauer F, Kim YJ, Agler DA, Cardon LA, Zetts AD, Panza JA, Thomas JD

Real-time three-dimensional color doppler evaluation of the flow convergence zone for quantification of mitral regurgitation: Validation experimental animal study and initial clinical experience.

J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003 Jan;16(1):38-45, PMID: 12514633

Pitfalls of the flow convergence (FC) method, including 2-dimensional imaging of the 3-dimensional (3D) geometry of the FC surface, can lead to erroneous quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR). This limitation may be mitigated by the use of real-time 3D color Doppler echocardiography (CE). Our objective was to validate a real-time 3D navigation method for MR quantification.

CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS